Protein encapsulation by electrospinning and electrospraying

Given the increasing interest in use of peptide- and protein-based agents therapeutic strategies, it is fundamental to develop delivery systems capable preserving biological activity these molecules upon administration, which can provide tuneable release profiles. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) techniques, encompassing electrospinning electrospraying, allow generation fibres particles with high surface area-to-volume ratios, versatile architectures, highly controllable This review focused on exploring potential different EHD methods (including blend, emulsion, co?/multi-axial electrospraying) for development peptide protein systems. An overview principles each technique first presented, followed by a survey literature encapsulation enzymes, growth factors, antibodies, hormones, vaccine antigens using approaches. The possibility localised stimuli-responsive also explored. Finally, advantages challenges method are summarised, necessary steps clinical translation scaled-up production electrospun electrosprayed discussed.